if( grade >=90 ) { cout << "A"; } else if( grade >= 80 && grade < 90 ) { cout << "B"; } else if( grade >= 70 && grade < 80 ) { cout << "C"; } else if( grade >= 60 && grade < 70 ) { cout << "D"; } else { cout << "F"; } //////////////////////////////////////////////////// #include abs( int ) the answer is another integer fabs( float ) fabs( double ) double - a floating point number with 8 bytes increment operator ++ decrement operator -- row += 3; row = row + 3; #include setw(#) - to set column widths flag - indicator to do/not do something (true or false) text alignment left flag right flag by default nether is on and it aligns right ////////////////////////////////////////// void main () { int row = 1; int column = 1; while(row < 15) { column = 1; while(column < 15) { cout << setw(4) << row * column; column++; } cout << endl; row++; } }